Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1981(b) Supreme Court 411 U.S. 792, 802-803 546 U.S. 470 Circuit Courts 698 F.2d 1138, 1142 120 F.3d 1181, 1189-1190 247 F.3d 1091, 1118 326 F.3d 1157 330 F.3d 355 372 F.3d 2 372 F.3d 1250 372 F.3d 1270 428 F.3d 1379, 1382 483 F.3d 533, 540 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 28 F. Supp. 2d 1043 365 F. Supp. 2d 1342, 1359 413 F. Supp. 2d 1338