Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 373 U.S. 83 405 U.S. 150, 154 408 U.S. 786, 794 424 U.S. 409, 427 427 U.S. 97, 107-110 436 U.S. 658, 692 443 U.S. 137, 140 451 U.S. 527 473 U.S. 667, 675-676 474 U.S. 327, 328-337 474 U.S. 344, 348 475 U.S. 796, 799 477 U.S. 299, 305-307 494 U.S. 113 500 U.S. 226, 232 512 U.S. 477, 489-490 514 U.S. 419, 437-438 523 U.S. 833, 841-849 526 U.S. 286, 290 526 U.S. 603, 609 526 U.S. 687, 727 527 U.S. 263, 288 533 U.S. 194, 201 543 U.S. 194, 197 Circuit Courts 739 F.2d 553, 558-559 987 F.2d 719, 722-723 990 F.2d 1207, 1211 88 F.3d 1554, 1567-1569 101 F.3d 1378, 1381-1382 181 F.3d 1275, 1279 221 F.3d 656, 659-660 284 F.3d 1188, 1194 320 F.3d 1023, 1030 340 F.3d 1279, 1283 419 F.3d 1160, 1165 453 F.3d 1301, 1305 460 F.3d 1328, 1337