Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 360 U.S. 564, 575 373 U.S. 9 438 U.S. 478, 506 485 U.S. 224, 245 Circuit Courts 419 F.2d 10, 12 505 F.2d 97, 100 716 F.2d 968, 973 757 F.2d 676, 685-692 853 F.2d 834, 841 80 F.3d 559 99 F.3d 49, 58-59 159 F.3d 1209, 1213-1215 193 F.3d 1316, 1321 211 F.3d 1346, 1350 258 F.3d 93, 98-106 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 342 F.3d 1223, 1232 409 F.3d 93, 97-99 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 38