Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 385 U.S. 23, 25 392 U.S. 1, 20 457 U.S. 800, 818 460 U.S. 491, 500 469 U.S. 325, 341-342 489 U.S. 378, 390-392 520 U.S. 259, 271 520 U.S. 397, 409 533 U.S. 194, 201-202 Circuit Courts 764 F.2d 786, 790-791 881 F.2d 1551, 1557 881 F.2d 1556 906 F.2d 667, 671 59 F.3d 1160, 1172 66 F.3d 1572, 1576-1577 88 F.3d 1554, 1563 94 F.3d 632, 637 101 F.3d 1363 145 F.3d 1278, 1281 151 F.3d 1346, 1352 157 F.3d 1271, 1282 193 F.3d 1263, 1269 208 F.3d 919, 927 231 F.3d 1289, 1294 284 F.3d 1188, 1198-1199 311 F.3d 1340, 1346-1355 327 F.3d 1186, 1194 341 F.3d 1261, 1266-1267 351 F.3d 1080, 1089 407 F.3d 1272, 1283 445 F.3d 1323, 1330-1331