Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 443 U.S. 137, 145 446 U.S. 544, 554 449 U.S. 411, 417-418 460 U.S. 491, 497 475 U.S. 796, 799 489 U.S. 593, 596-597 490 U.S. 1, 7 517 U.S. 806, 813 528 U.S. 119, 125 532 U.S. 769, 771-772 536 U.S. 194, 200-201 Circuit Courts 712 F.2d 1356, 1358-1361 786 F.2d 1093, 1095 805 F.2d 1502, 1506 881 F.2d 1551, 1556 922 F.2d 675, 677-678 927 F.2d 1165 58 F.3d 1284 65 F.3d 155, 158 65 F.3d 912, 916-917 133 F.3d 1425, 1435 206 F.3d 597 222 F.3d 874, 876 290 F.3d 1276, 1277-1278 326 F.3d 995 351 F.3d 1080, 1088 373 F.3d 1132, 1139 438 F.3d 1275, 1278 443 F.3d 772