Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 2201 28 U.S.C. § 2202 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 401 U.S. 37, 53 420 U.S. 592, 604 423 U.S. 362, 380 424 U.S. 1, 14 451 U.S. 527, 535 453 U.S. 490, 507 457 U.S. 423, 436 457 U.S. 496, 102-516 466 U.S. 789, 816 473 U.S. 172, 192 489 U.S. 214, 223 505 U.S. 377, 422 514 U.S. 334, 346 523 U.S. 726, 733 538 U.S. 803, 808 Circuit Courts 601 F.2d 809 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 685 F.2d 1311, 1315 763 F.2d 1212 766 F.2d 1528, 1530 783 F.2d 1535, 1539 829 F.2d 1051, 1053 881 F.2d 1570, 1574 922 F.2d 756, 760-762 976 F.2d 673, 674 985 F.2d 1565 55 F.3d 1517, 1523 94 F.3d 1489, 1511 112 F.3d 1114, 1119 121 F.3d 586 136 F.3d 764, 19-769 140 F.3d 927, 942 219 F.3d 1301, 1315 232 F.3d 1353, 1357 242 F.3d 989, 990 268 F.3d 1283, 1287 270 F.3d 1346, 1347 309 F.3d 1312, 1319 351 F.3d 1112 360 F.3d 1274, 1286 402 F.3d 1329 402 F.3d 1335 410 F.3d 1250 410 F.3d 1317, 1322 426 F.3d 1342, 1343 192 F. Supp. 2d 282, 300 338 F. Supp. 2d 1268, 1272-1279