Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 321 U.S. 29, 35 425 U.S. 938 480 U.S. 1 510 U.S. 1024 Circuit Courts 524 F.2d 991, 992 526 F.2d 798 620 F.2d 544, 546-548 661 F.2d 1206, 1207 758 F.2d 1435, 1448 768 F.2d 1287, 1292 825 F.2d 1158, 1165 895 F.2d 1304, 1310 906 F.2d 674, 677 945 F.2d 1103, 1107 953 F.2d 1090, 1092-1093 984 F.2d 1118, 1128-1129 990 F.2d 1207, 1213-1214 2 F.3d 382, 384 25 F.3d 1551, 1556 47 F.3d 1111, 1116 53 F.3d 1548, 1555 82 F.3d 1030 83 F.3d 1143, 1149 89 F.3d 1510, 1519-1520 112 F.3d 695, 698-699 142 F.3d 353, 358-359 143 F.3d 47, 51 169 F.3d 68, 82 177 F.3d 19, 26-28 285 F.3d 1174, 1193 286 F.3d 1040, 1046 289 F.3d 1283, 1293-1294 297 F.3d 1172, 1178-1180 353 F.3d 1331, 1341 361 F.3d 610, 616 386 F.3d 993, 1018 420 F.3d 1272, 1278 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(c)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 59 Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 61