Authorities Cited: United States Code 20 U.S.C. § 1681(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1367 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 134 U.S. 1, 20-21 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 371 U.S. 178, 182 441 U.S. 677, 717 442 U.S. 256, 273 457 U.S. 800, 818 473 U.S. 234, 239-240 483 U.S. 635, 640 503 U.S. 60, 76 504 U.S. 555, 560-561 524 U.S. 274, 284-292 525 U.S. 459, 470-471 525 U.S. 802 526 U.S. 12 527 U.S. 666, 670 Circuit Courts 673 F.2d 1205, 1209 841 F.2d 1558, 1563 881 F.2d 1570, 1573 939 F.2d 1479, 1486 963 F.2d 332, 336 979 F.2d 191, 194 999 F.2d 1503, 1507 84 F.3d 1226 85 F.3d 581, 583 102 F.3d 1179, 1182 133 F.3d 786, 789 139 F.3d 8 171 F.3d 1264 193 F.3d 1263, 1270 216 F.3d 1281, 1284 247 F.3d 1262, 1284 291 F.3d 718, 722 299 F.3d 1272, 1276 321 F.3d 1299, 1301 322 F.3d 1279, 1284-1289 331 F.3d 817, 819-820 341 F.3d 1292, 1300 347 F.3d 1293, 1296 367 F.3d 1255, 1262-1263 384 F.3d 1248, 1259-1260 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) 80 F. Supp. 2d 729, 733-734 144 F. Supp. 2d 526, 531