Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2119 18 U.S.C. § 2119(3) 18 U.S.C. § 3591(a)(2) 18 U.S.C. § 3592(c) 18 U.S.C. § 3593(a) 18 U.S.C. § 3593(d) Supreme Court 453 U.S. 454, 460 469 U.S. 38, 105 518 U.S. 152, 166-170 526 U.S. 227 530 U.S. 466 536 U.S. 584 Circuit Courts 582 F.2d 898 777 F.2d 652 778 F.2d 722, 731 890 F.2d 355, 358 926 F.2d 1044, 1048 959 F.2d 1535, 1538 4 F.3d 775, 784-788 17 F.3d 333 63 F.3d 1074, 1078 68 F.3d 1296, 1300 135 F.3d 758 173 F.3d 1343, 1347 178 F.3d 1163 195 F.3d 679 233 F.3d 1285, 1292 248 F.3d 1065, 1085-1096 263 F.3d 1270, 1271 269 F.3d 1250, 1278 346 F.3d 476 353 F.3d 281, 298-299 363 F.3d 1103, 1108 367 F.3d 278 390 F.3d 775, 788-790 398 F.3d 1291, 1298 406 F.3d 940 423 F.3d 501