Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 371 18 U.S.C. § 1343 18 U.S.C. § 1346 Supreme Court 518 U.S. 81, 95-96 543 U.S. 220 Circuit Courts 746 F.2d 1437, 1440 946 F.2d 267, 269 951 F.2d 308, 311 956 F.2d 1555, 1565 964 F.2d 756, 758 17 F.3d 696, 714-715 68 F.3d 882 87 F.3d 1224, 1225 123 F.3d 1415, 1425 142 F.3d 520, 525 171 F.3d 796, 803 172 F.3d 1287, 1292 198 F.3d 1324 240 F.3d 1321, 1325-1326 320 F.3d 334, 346 321 F.3d 1024 363 F.3d 1093, 1096-1098 368 F.3d 1335, 1339 400 F.3d 1325, 1330-1331 405 F.3d 946, 948 407 F.3d 1174, 1177-1178