Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1350 28 U.S.C. § 1350(2)(b) Supreme Court 467 U.S. 69, 73 498 U.S. 89, 95-96 Circuit Courts 70 F.3d 232 103 F.3d 5 103 F.3d 767, 773 144 F.3d 732, 735-736 146 F.3d 1305, 1307 160 F.3d 703, 707 163 F.3d 530, 541 177 F.3d 1269, 1271 281 F.3d 1004, 1012-1013 317 F.3d 1314 402 F.3d 1148, 1154-1155 408 F.3d 877, 892 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) 22 F. Supp. 2d 353, 364 198 F. Supp. 2d 1322, 1347 221 F. Supp. 2d 1116, 1132-1135 256 F. Supp. 2d 1250, 1267 257 F. Supp. 2d 115, 119 267 F. Supp. 2d 907, 910 291 F. Supp. 2d 1360, 1365 348 F. Supp. 2d 1112, 1146-1148 362 F. Supp. 2d 230, 242 672 F. Supp. 1531, 1550 886 F. Supp. 162, 178 921 F. Supp. 1189, 1197 963 F. Supp. 880, 897