Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 391 U.S. 367, 383 427 U.S. 50, 96 475 U.S. 41, 47-106 477 U.S. 317, 322 535 U.S. 425, 438-448 541 U.S. 774 Circuit Courts 163 F.3d 545, 552 176 F.3d 1358, 1361 187 F.3d 1251 196 F.3d 1354, 1357-1358 223 F.3d 1306, 1309 238 F.3d 1273 337 F.3d 1251, 1264-1265 337 F.3d 1301, 1306-1310 384 F.3d 990, 1003 393 F.3d 1211, 1218 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)