Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1865(b)(5) 42 U.S.C. § 42 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1981(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 391 U.S. 563, 568-588 411 U.S. 792, 793 429 U.S. 274, 297 450 U.S. 248, 256 461 U.S. 138, 149 464 U.S. 548, 555 483 U.S. 378, 388 509 U.S. 502 530 U.S. 133, 150 Circuit Courts 388 F.2d 977 545 F.2d 222, 234 632 F.2d 1325, 1329 685 F.2d 1318 690 F.2d 869, 872 846 F.2d 1324 868 F.2d 397, 401 888 F.2d 1562 906 F.2d 674, 677 974 F.2d 153, 155 32 F.3d 520, 526 58 F.3d 1554, 1563 106 F.3d 1519, 1538 117 F.3d 449, 458 143 F.3d 1393 230 F.3d 1275, 1288-1289 245 F.3d 1232, 1237 256 F.3d 1095, 1103-1104 271 F.3d 962, 966-967 304 F.3d 1144, 1157-1158 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 50 Fed. R. Civ. P. 52 Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 63