Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1) 42 U.S.C. § 1988 Supreme Court 209 U.S. 123, 128 410 U.S. 614, 616-618 421 U.S. 491, 503 422 U.S. 490, 498 446 U.S. 719, 100-733 515 U.S. 737, 742-743 518 U.S. 668 520 U.S. 43, 66 523 U.S. 44, 118 523 U.S. 740, 745 527 U.S. 83, 94-95 527 U.S. 815, 831 529 U.S. 765, 771 Circuit Courts 864 F.2d 551, 554 981 F.2d 1185, 1189-1192 3 F.3d 1220, 1223-1224 28 F.3d 1093, 1096 59 F.3d 1114, 1118-1119 145 F.3d 1278 152 F.3d 240, 252-254 180 F.3d 1326 215 F.3d 1233, 1234 244 F.3d 405, 426-427 247 F.3d 520, 531 250 F.3d 1299, 1301 314 F.3d 787, 790-791 348 F.3d 1033, 1039 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(d)(1) 230 F. Supp. 2d 1313, 1315 234 F. Supp. 2d 1275, 1278