Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1441 29 U.S.C. § 1001 29 U.S.C. § 1002(21)(A) 29 U.S.C. § 1022 29 U.S.C. § 1022(b) 29 U.S.C. § 1024(b)(2) 29 U.S.C. § 1102(b) 29 U.S.C. § 1109(a) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(b) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3) 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a) 29 U.S.C. § 1144(b)(2)(A) Code of Federal Regulations 29 C.F.R. § 2520.102 Supreme Court 405 U.S. 699, 700 514 U.S. 645, 656 516 U.S. 489, 506-537 530 U.S. 211, 215 Circuit Courts 515 F.2d 1200, 1206 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 688 F.2d 1367, 1371 698 F.2d 320, 326 841 F.2d 658, 664 893 F.2d 288, 289 898 F.2d 470 906 F.2d 660 924 F.2d 1310, 1316-1317 934 F.2d 1193 941 F.2d 561 949 F.2d 960, 965 958 F.2d 730, 733-735 961 F.2d 537 969 F.2d 54, 61-62 987 F.2d 1536, 1542 36 F.3d 746, 748-750 55 F.3d 1034, 1045 61 F.3d 1437, 1442 91 F.3d 648, 653 91 F.3d 1326, 1329-1330 93 F.3d 715 109 F.3d 708 123 F.3d 1353, 1366 127 F.3d 1024 134 F.3d 1063 139 F.3d 1346 174 F.3d 1207 190 F.3d 881, 887-888 197 F.3d 1084 213 F.3d 1331, 1333 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 346 F.3d 1007 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(c) 105 F. Supp. 2d 889, 893-897 130 F. Supp. 2d 604 284 F. Supp. 2d 1319 653 F. Supp. 612, 615 729 F. Supp. 1162, 1191 800 F. Supp. 182, 196-206