Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 436 U.S. 618, 698 477 U.S. 317, 323 497 U.S. 871, 897 509 U.S. 579, 113-596 522 U.S. 136, 142-146 526 U.S. 137 528 U.S. 440, 456 Circuit Courts 423 F.2d 842, 844 545 F.2d 422, 427 822 F.2d 1038, 1040 158 F.3d 548, 562 178 F.3d 257, 262-263 184 F.3d 1300, 1306-1320 196 F.3d 1206, 1215 200 F.3d 1031, 1035 216 F.3d 1333, 1343 233 F.3d 734, 748 295 F.3d 23 295 F.3d 1194, 1199-1202 298 F.3d 1253, 1256-1257 326 F.3d 1333, 1340-1351 344 F.3d 1136, 1146 371 F.3d 1312, 1314 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(4)(A) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 702 Fed. R. Evid. 706