Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 504 U.S. 158, 167-169 507 U.S. 163, 113-168 Circuit Courts 643 F.2d 1058, 1064 880 F.2d 305, 310 957 F.2d 1575, 1578 963 F.2d 1481 87 F.3d 457, 462 116 F.3d 450, 452 122 F.3d 1355, 1359 132 F.3d 1359 208 F.3d 940, 944 256 F.3d 1266, 1275-1276 321 F.3d 1334, 1335 325 F.3d 1228 326 F.3d 1352 334 F.3d 991 344 F.3d 1288, 1292 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)