Authorities Cited: United States Code 12 U.S.C. § 85 12 U.S.C. § 86 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 1341 18 U.S.C. § 1343 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a) 18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)(2) 18 U.S.C. § 1952(a)(3) 18 U.S.C. § 1954 18 U.S.C. § 1961(1) 18 U.S.C. § 1962(a) 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c) 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d) Supreme Court 437 U.S. 463, 476 472 U.S. 797, 813 521 U.S. 591, 617 538 U.S. 401, 407 Circuit Courts 7 F.2d 1206, 1209 445 F.2d 573, 575-576 482 F.2d 880 565 F.2d 59, 70 573 F.2d 309 578 F.2d 1106 693 F.2d 847, 853 710 F.2d 711, 717 807 F.2d 1000, 1017 827 F.2d 718, 720-725 979 F.2d 1014, 1023 990 F.2d 805 51 F.3d 1293, 1300-1301 53 F.3d 663 55 F.3d 768, 818 75 F.3d 1069, 1085 84 F.3d 734, 740-749 95 F.3d 1014, 1023-1024 118 F.3d 735, 738 120 F.3d 216, 219 130 F.3d 999 148 F.3d 283, 315 155 F.3d 331, 340 208 F.3d 288, 295 211 F.3d 1228 242 F.3d 1023, 1025 259 F.3d 154, 165 261 F.3d 679, 681 280 F.3d 124, 141-145 281 F.3d 1350, 1360-1367 300 F.3d 1288, 1291 311 F.3d 1096, 1101 333 F.3d 1248 334 F.3d 1253, 1255 340 F.3d 1246, 1255 362 F.3d 739 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3) 246 F. Supp. 2d 1363, 1364