Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1350 Supreme Court 109 U.S. 527 159 U.S. 113, 163 301 U.S. 324, 326-327 304 U.S. 64 304 U.S. 92, 110 313 U.S. 487 343 U.S. 579, 635-638 369 U.S. 186 376 U.S. 398, 384-426 453 U.S. 654, 665-688 454 U.S. 235, 254 478 U.S. 221, 230 539 U.S. 396 Circuit Courts 773 F.2d 452 806 F.2d 344, 352-354 922 F.2d 666 984 F.2d 583 25 F.3d 1512, 1514-1519 72 F.3d 844 93 F.3d 1036, 1047 109 F.3d 850 157 F.3d 153 192 F.3d 240 250 F.3d 156 251 F.3d 1305, 1311-1312 319 F.3d 1302, 1304 65 F. Supp. 2d 248 67 F. Supp. 2d 424 129 F. Supp. 2d 370