Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 13 18 U.S.C. § 1341 18 U.S.C. § 1961 18 U.S.C. § 1961(4) 18 U.S.C. § 1961(5) 18 U.S.C. § 1962(b) 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d) 18 U.S.C. § 3575(e) 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1981(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1985 Supreme Court 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 391 U.S. 253, 289 411 U.S. 792, 793 412 U.S. 669, 688 458 U.S. 375, 391 473 U.S. 479, 497 475 U.S. 574, 587 492 U.S. 229, 239-243 522 U.S. 52, 62-64 534 U.S. 506, 508-511 537 U.S. 1089, 1123 Circuit Courts 365 F.2d 419, 421 505 F.2d 97, 100 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 684 F.2d 1365, 1368-1369 729 F.2d 1302, 1311 830 F.2d 1107, 1109 845 F.2d 289, 291 886 F.2d 681, 684 901 F.2d 1571, 1573 911 F.2d 1261, 1269 921 F.2d 1530, 1545 935 F.2d 815, 821 945 F.2d 594, 611 953 F.2d 587, 593-594 964 F.2d 193, 208 968 F.2d 266 971 F.2d 364, 366-367 998 F.2d 1534, 1543 18 F.3d 899, 910-913 20 F.3d 771, 780 23 F.3d 129, 134 48 F.3d 1260, 1265 67 F.3d 463, 467-468 89 F.3d 1461, 1479 121 F.3d 642, 646 135 F.3d 740, 745 137 F.3d 1306, 1311 139 F.3d 1385, 1387 167 F.3d 402, 407 169 F.3d 729, 732 178 F.3d 1175, 1187 187 F.3d 229, 242 211 F.3d 1228, 1235 223 F.3d 12 268 F.3d 1014, 1037 286 F.3d 122, 125 289 F.3d 270, 280-281 289 F.3d 1268 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 309 F.3d 1333, 1335 314 F.3d 541 320 F.3d 1260, 1267 321 F.3d 1334, 1335 341 F.3d 1292, 1302-1303 363 F.3d 1183, 1199 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 23 F. Supp. 2d 1312, 1313 46 F. Supp. 2d 1276, 1284 135 F. Supp. 2d 1271, 1280 171 F. Supp. 2d 1261, 126224 181 F. Supp. 2d 1345 642 F. Supp. 248, 249-250 726 F. Supp. 1315, 1320 784 F. Supp. 841, 845-846 844 F. Supp. 753, 756 918 F. Supp. 1016, 1018-1019 993 F. Supp. 1475, 147616