Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 283 U.S. 697, 707-722 310 U.S. 296, 303-310 315 U.S. 568, 574 319 U.S. 624 348 U.S. 483, 487-488 370 U.S. 421 374 U.S. 203, 216-283 391 U.S. 367, 376-377 393 U.S. 503 394 U.S. 576, 592 401 U.S. 988 403 U.S. 602, 691 408 U.S. 169, 189 413 U.S. 75 418 U.S. 405, 410-494 436 U.S. 658, 690-691 444 U.S. 646, 652 449 U.S. 39, 41-42 457 U.S. 800, 818-819 457 U.S. 853, 879 472 U.S. 38, 60-105 473 U.S. 788, 812 478 U.S. 675, 682-683 485 U.S. 112, 130 487 U.S. 781, 794 491 U.S. 701 505 U.S. 377 505 U.S. 577, 587-595 515 U.S. 557, 569 520 U.S. 259, 269 521 U.S. 203, 233 526 U.S. 603, 609 530 U.S. 428, 459 530 U.S. 793, 878 533 U.S. 405, 410 536 U.S. 639, 648-649 536 U.S. 730, 739-741 Circuit Courts 363 F.2d 744, 748-749 363 F.2d 749 392 F.2d 697 402 F.2d 515 430 F.2d 873, 878 450 F.2d 1103 462 F.2d 960, 964 506 F.2d 992 579 F.2d 834, 836 612 F.2d 982, 985 653 F.2d 897, 900-901 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 669 F.2d 979 705 F.2d 1526, 1534-1535 746 F.2d 728, 731 855 F.2d 736, 738 862 F.2d 824, 830-832 888 F.2d 1314, 1324-1325 891 F.2d 829, 837 906 F.2d 667, 671 917 F.2d 486, 491-492 956 F.2d 1104, 1107 962 F.2d 1563, 1575 972 F.2d 19 972 F.2d 1230, 1236 28 F.3d 1146, 1149 40 F.3d 1176, 1185 47 F.3d 404, 407 88 F.3d 1573, 1577-1578 106 F.3d 970, 975 112 F.3d 1464 115 F.3d 821 116 F.3d 1396, 1401 117 F.3d 1321, 1324 136 F.3d 724, 725 157 F.3d 1271, 1282 180 F.3d 1254, 1264-1265 203 F.3d 1288, 1291-1292 206 F.3d 1070, 1081 218 F.3d 1267 230 F.3d 1275, 1295 230 F.3d 1313, 1317 250 F.3d 1330, 1342 261 F.3d 1160, 1170 284 F.3d 1188, 1194 294 F.3d 1294, 1297 309 F.3d 1312, 1324 311 F.3d 1340, 1350-1351 312 F.3d 1228, 1233 321 F.3d 1069, 1077-1078 323 F.3d 950 326 F.3d 1352, 1358 327 F.3d 1186, 1194 330 F.3d 1320, 1326 335 F.3d 1326, 1351 337 F.3d 1275, 1277 343 F.3d 1323, 1332 347 F.3d 903 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b) 273 F. Supp. 613, 618 314 F. Supp. 285 316 F. Supp. 352 484 F. Supp. 1252