Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 33 15 U.S.C. § 1692 20 U.S.C. § 1001 20 U.S.C. § 1070(b) 20 U.S.C. § 1071 20 U.S.C. § 1071(a)(1) 20 U.S.C. § 1078 20 U.S.C. § 1078(c)(2)(A) 20 U.S.C. § 1082 20 U.S.C. § 1082(a)(1) 20 U.S.C. § 1094 20 U.S.C. § 1099 Code of Federal Regulations 34 C.F.R. § 682 34 C.F.R. § 682.410 34 C.F.R. § 682.411 34 C.F.R. § 682.411 34 C.F.R. § 682.411(c) 34 C.F.R. § 682.411(d) Supreme Court 331 U.S. 218, 230 373 U.S. 132, 135 375 U.S. 96, 103 414 U.S. 538, 554-594 430 U.S. 519, 525 476 U.S. 355, 369 496 U.S. 72, 79 501 U.S. 597, 604-605 505 U.S. 504, 517-518 518 U.S. 470, 485 530 U.S. 363, 372-373 Circuit Courts 550 F.2d 774, 782-783 51 F.3d 1480, 1484 60 F.3d 1010, 1014-1015 94 F.3d 1260 95 F.3d 922, 935 106 F.3d 11, 19 136 F.3d 764, 767 148 F.3d 1223, 1226 167 F.3d 235, 244-245 243 F.3d 1282, 1285 247 F.3d 1262, 1271 266 F.3d 1324, 1328 285 F.3d 1319, 1322 296 F.3d 1250, 1252-1253 298 F.3d 1217, 1221-1225 306 F.3d 1043, 1067 320 F.3d 1198, 1205 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c)(3) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(f) 88 F. Supp. 2d 1355, 1363 836 F. Supp. 273, 281 961 F. Supp. 863, 872 976 F. Supp. 301, 318