Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 442 U.S. 228, 235 457 U.S. 800, 818 478 U.S. 385, 387 480 U.S. 616, 632 483 U.S. 635, 640 521 U.S. 507, 518 523 U.S. 75, 79 536 U.S. 730, 739-743 Circuit Courts 597 F.2d 897, 900 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 691 F.2d 1364, 1369 918 F.2d 145, 147 952 F.2d 4 39 F.3d 1021, 1028 49 F.3d 1490, 1507-1508 71 F.3d 801, 805 72 F.3d 1191, 1195 102 F.3d 1179, 1182 112 F.3d 1503 119 F.3d 563, 596-597 198 F.3d 1305, 1319 248 F.3d 1117, 1121 256 F.3d 1095, 1103 268 F.3d 1014, 1032-1033 284 F.3d 1188, 1194 311 F.3d 1340, 1352-1353 321 F.3d 1017 321 F.3d 1069, 1077