Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c) Supreme Court 414 U.S. 538, 547 446 U.S. 318, 331 472 U.S. 797, 812 504 U.S. 555, 560 521 U.S. 591, 625-626 534 U.S. 1113, 1122 Circuit Courts 474 F.2d 336, 341-347 508 F.2d 226, 234-235 561 F.2d 86 729 F.2d 1371, 1374-1375 827 F.2d 718, 727-728 69 F.3d 293, 295 118 F.3d 735, 737 221 F.3d 1235, 1253 221 F.3d 1266, 1279 231 F.3d 848, 851 254 F.3d 551, 562 257 F.3d 475, 481 273 F.3d 1341, 1354 283 F.3d 315, 319 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(3) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(4) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3)