Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 418 U.S. 539, 556 436 U.S. 658, 694 441 U.S. 520 443 U.S. 31, 40 475 U.S. 796, 811 477 U.S. 317, 322 485 U.S. 112, 123 520 U.S. 397, 404 Circuit Courts 737 F.2d 894, 901 814 F.2d 397, 401 860 F.2d 568, 572 877 F.2d 469, 472 923 F.2d 1474, 1481 951 F.2d 1235, 1237 88 F.3d 1573, 1577 93 F.3d 739, 742 101 F.3d 1378, 1381-1382 139 F.3d 865, 871 200 F.3d 1337, 1339 236 F.3d 678 251 F.3d 1340 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 767 F. Supp. 661, 667