Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 392 U.S. 1, 22-27 443 U.S. 31, 37-38 457 U.S. 800, 818 471 U.S. 1, 8 483 U.S. 635, 638 490 U.S. 386, 394-399 515 U.S. 304, 311 532 U.S. 318 533 U.S. 194 Circuit Courts 476 F.2d 5, 7 786 F.2d 1533, 1536 841 F.2d 1558, 1563 939 F.2d 1479, 1487 956 F.2d 1112, 1119 7 F.3d 1552, 1555-1559 13 F.3d 1014, 1031-1033 65 F.3d 155, 158 114 F.3d 181, 184 115 F.3d 821, 826 121 F.3d 1442, 1444-1447 121 F.3d 1456, 1458 127 F.3d 1416, 1418-1420 132 F.3d 1359, 1370 132 F.3d 1395, 1397 133 F.3d 1425, 1435 140 F.3d 1378, 1382 145 F.3d 1231, 1031-1236 206 F.3d 1156, 1170-1171 207 F.3d 1253, 1254-1258 208 F.3d 919, 925-927 215 F.3d 1225 245 F.3d 1299, 1302-1303 261 F.3d 1160, 1170 261 F.3d 1178, 1186-1187 264 F.3d 1027, 1036