Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 312 U.S. 496 387 U.S. 136, 148-149 408 U.S. 1, 13-14 416 U.S. 386, 391 425 U.S. 748, 756 428 U.S. 132, 151 454 U.S. 464, 472 482 U.S. 451, 468 484 U.S. 383, 396 520 U.S. 43, 75-80 523 U.S. 726, 733-736 Circuit Courts 530 F.2d 625, 631 632 F.2d 535, 539 685 F.2d 1311, 1315 707 F.2d 1176, 1185-1190 713 F.2d 1506, 1510 842 F.2d 603, 608 922 F.2d 756, 759-760 999 F.2d 1486, 1492 30 F.3d 1332, 1342-1347 43 F.3d 1412, 1424 50 F.3d 901, 904 55 F.3d 1517, 1524 78 F.3d 920, 926-927 116 F.3d 1406, 1413 121 F.3d 586, 589-590 132 F.3d 1422, 1427-1428 199 F.3d 1260, 1265 219 F.3d 1301, 1315 222 F.3d 1327, 1329 230 F.3d 1300, 1312 234 F.3d 1163, 1174-1176 245 F.3d 1257, 1266 117 F. Supp. 2d 1285, 1184-1329