Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) 18 U.S.C. § 1341 18 U.S.C. § 1343 18 U.S.C. § 1344 18 U.S.C. § 3231 21 U.S.C. § 841 21 U.S.C. § 841 21 U.S.C. § 841(a) 21 U.S.C. § 841(a) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) 21 U.S.C. § 846 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(2)(A) 28 U.S.C. § 2255 Supreme Court 121 U.S. 1, 8-13 153 U.S. 48, 62 303 U.S. 226, 229 355 U.S. 41, 47 361 U.S. 212, 215-217 372 U.S. 335 386 U.S. 18 397 U.S. 742, 747-748 417 U.S. 333, 346-347 418 U.S. 87, 117-118 456 U.S. 107 456 U.S. 152 457 U.S. 537, 551 467 U.S. 822, 828 468 U.S. 1, 16-17 471 U.S. 130 474 U.S. 254, 263 477 U.S. 79 477 U.S. 527, 535-537 478 U.S. 570, 579 489 U.S. 288 492 U.S. 302, 329 497 U.S. 227, 242-243 510 U.S. 20 510 U.S. 383, 389 515 U.S. 506, 510 516 U.S. 137 520 U.S. 518, 524-525 523 U.S. 614, 620-626 526 U.S. 227 527 U.S. 1 530 U.S. 466 Circuit Courts 413 F.2d 1061 453 F.2d 605, 607-608 601 F.2d 616, 629 601 F.2d 1279, 1290 626 F.2d 503 659 F.2d 1306, 1310 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 666 F.2d 469, 474 667 F.2d 33 674 F.2d 841 784 F.2d 1093, 1101-1102 837 F.2d 975 36 F.3d 1028, 1041-1043 37 F.3d 169, 173 77 F.3d 407, 412 77 F.3d 1308, 1315 100 F.3d 610, 622 107 F.3d 831, 835 136 F.3d 1459 145 F.3d 1249, 1251 149 F.3d 1304, 1308-1309 155 F.3d 1318, 1325 164 F.3d 378, 380 169 F.3d 295, 304-305 197 F.3d 1122, 1134 200 F.3d 732, 734-735 204 F.3d 381 220 F.3d 926, 933 224 F.3d 1281 228 F.3d 1278, 1282-1284 228 F.3d 1318, 1327 229 F.3d 292, 307-312 230 F.3d 160, 164-165 231 F.3d 1227, 1231-1238 232 F.3d 825 232 F.3d 831, 834 234 F.3d 798 235 F.3d 1295, 1297 236 F.3d 820, 824-826 238 F.3d 903, 905-906 240 F.3d 65, 74-75 240 F.3d 927 240 F.3d 938, 943-944 240 F.3d 1245, 1248-1249 240 F.3d 1300 241 F.3d 546, 548 241 F.3d 912, 914 242 F.3d 393, 395 245 F.3d 1269, 1272 247 F.3d 139, 146-148 247 F.3d 1191, 1198-2001 248 F.3d 76, 78 250 F.3d 1073 252 F.3d 993, 997-1004 254 F.3d 16 255 F.3d 150, 156-157 255 F.3d 912 256 F.3d 971 258 F.3d 582, 587 260 F.3d 382 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a) 889 F. Supp. 736, 739 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(b)