Authorities Cited: United States Code 13 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(3)(A) 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(ii) 18 U.S.C. § 1951 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a) 18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)(3) 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(1) 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(2)(F) 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(2)(F)(i) 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(3)(A) 42 U.S.C. § 13981 Supreme Court 196 U.S. 283, 295 317 U.S. 111, 127-128 361 U.S. 212, 215-280 432 U.S. 197 435 U.S. 371, 373-376 477 U.S. 79, 87-88 506 U.S. 20, 113 514 U.S. 549, 115-561 517 U.S. 348 520 U.S. 1226 523 U.S. 224 526 U.S. 227, 248 529 U.S. 598, 120-613 529 U.S. 848, 120-856 529 U.S. 1056, 1120 530 U.S. 120 530 U.S. 466 530 U.S. 1206 Circuit Courts 448 F.2d 815, 837 560 F.2d 866, 868 713 F.2d 654, 661 748 F.2d 1535, 1537 931 F.2d 725, 734-735 955 F.2d 1500, 1503 978 F.2d 1463, 1466-1467 8 F.3d 1552, 1562 12 F.3d 1436, 1440 53 F.3d 1198, 1200 77 F.3d 1319 83 F.3d 1371, 1375 116 F.3d 1384, 1386-1387 132 F.3d 383, 388-389 139 F.3d 840, 844-845 164 F.3d 1358, 1360-1361 171 F.3d 1351, 1354-1357 177 F.3d 957, 958 186 F.3d 1177 192 F.3d 1188, 1196 208 F.3d 1187, 1190 211 F.3d 878, 886-887 217 F.3d 986, 987-989 218 F.3d 1243, 1244-1245 222 F.3d 1286, 1294-1295 229 F.3d 292, 309-312 230 F.3d 186, 189-191 230 F.3d 1317 236 F.3d 848, 852 243 F.3d 806, 807-811 248 F.3d 1065, 1084