Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 248 18 U.S.C. § 248(a)(1) 18 U.S.C. § 248(c)(1) 18 U.S.C. § 248(e)(2) Supreme Court 355 U.S. 41, 47 410 U.S. 113, 193 410 U.S. 179, 193 416 U.S. 232, 236 462 U.S. 416 476 U.S. 747, 772 Circuit Courts 434 F.2d 427 514 F.2d 1179 599 F.2d 707 651 F.2d 1198, 1210 653 F.2d 180 655 F.2d 627, 641-642 711 F.2d 989, 995 795 F.2d 948, 954 851 F.2d 513, 515 924 F.2d 1555, 1576 934 F.2d 1493, 1501 951 F.2d 320, 323-324 6 F.3d 233, 242 47 F.3d 642, 650 76 F.3d 913, 923 112 F.3d 869, 872 139 F.3d 798, 802-803 195 F.3d 1234, 1236 201 F.3d 928, 932-933 208 F.3d 1308, 1310 226 F.3d 253, 259 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) 2 F. Supp. 2d 1170, 1171 21 F. Supp. 2d 1029, 1030 320 F. Supp. 1297 887 F. Supp. 1249, 1255 996 F. Supp. 372, 378