Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 108 U.S. 436, 447 134 U.S. 1, 20-21 200 U.S. 273, 284 213 U.S. 151, 171 323 U.S. 459, 467-469 329 U.S. 565, 573-574 377 U.S. 184 415 U.S. 651, 673 457 U.S. 496, 524 458 U.S. 670, 683 473 U.S. 234, 239-240 523 U.S. 740, 745 524 U.S. 381, 393-398 527 U.S. 666, 670-687 Circuit Courts 645 F.2d 2, 3 804 F.2d 1211, 1214-1215 87 F.3d 457, 462 119 F.3d 1140 121 F.3d 427, 431-432 146 F.3d 1313, 1318-1319 147 F.3d 1316, 1317-1318 173 F.3d 1226 215 F.3d 1168, 1170-1172 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)