Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 475 U.S. 717, 726 478 U.S. 501, 522 Circuit Courts 559 F.2d 1326, 1331-1332 683 F.2d 1312, 1317-1319 20 F.3d 1525 31 F.3d 1548 59 F.3d 1114, 1120 74 F.3d 1058, 1073 92 F.3d 1074, 1078 117 F.3d 1238, 1240 132 F.3d 632 140 F.3d 968, 975 202 F.3d 1303 207 F.3d 1288 238 F.3d 1300, 1308 846 F. Supp. 948, 953-954 996 F. Supp. 1118 996 F. Supp. 1156