Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1981 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1985 Supreme Court 340 U.S. 135, 146-171 403 U.S. 388, 391 411 U.S. 677, 693 417 U.S. 733, 794 444 U.S. 348 453 U.S. 57, 101 462 U.S. 296, 103-305 473 U.S. 52, 59 475 U.S. 503 483 U.S. 669, 107-683 Circuit Courts 453 F.2d 197 794 F.2d 1034, 1036 799 F.2d 99, 111 813 F.2d 349, 352-353 886 F.2d 1004, 1007-1010 903 F.2d 1455, 1463 931 F.2d 1526 995 F.2d 765 5 F.3d 586, 591 57 F.3d 747, 751 125 F.3d 800, 803 157 F.3d 1271, 1277 166 F.3d 45, 52 170 F.3d 1061, 1069-1070 205 F.3d 504, 512 206 F.3d 1031 233 F.3d 332 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)