Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1973 Supreme Court 369 U.S. 186, 182-208 403 U.S. 124, 128-191 458 U.S. 613, 621 468 U.S. 737, 754-760 478 U.S. 30, 78-79 490 U.S. 755, 762-767 490 U.S. 1030, 1109 493 U.S. 215, 230-231 504 U.S. 555, 560-583 512 U.S. 874, 114-892 514 U.S. 1083, 1115 515 U.S. 737, 115-746 520 U.S. 43, 64-117 522 U.S. 1015, 1118 524 U.S. 11, 23-24 Circuit Courts 302 F.2d 158, 165 479 F.2d 762, 765 510 F.2d 512 615 F.2d 171, 181 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 739 F.2d 1529 831 F.2d 246 850 F.2d 1430, 1432-1440 850 F.2d 1433 908 F.2d 1540, 1541-1542 982 F.2d 1456, 1466 983 F.2d 237 985 F.2d 1471 986 F.2d 1364, 1369 999 F.2d 831 31 F.3d 1548, 1563 39 F.3d 1494 74 F.3d 1058 89 F.3d 755, 757 109 F.3d 680, 687 168 F.3d 405, 410 168 F.3d 458, 462 175 F.3d 930, 937-938 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 24 548 F. Supp. 875, 877-919 636 F. Supp. 704, 710 661 F. Supp. 955, 958-959