Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 391 U.S. 563, 588 457 U.S. 800, 818 461 U.S. 138, 103-148 472 U.S. 511, 530 483 U.S. 378 483 U.S. 635, 640 500 U.S. 226, 232 525 U.S. 1104, 1119 Circuit Courts 888 F.2d 1562, 1565 919 F.2d 1531, 1536 972 F.2d 1230, 1236 984 F.2d 787, 793 6 F.3d 750, 751-755 7 F.3d 1552, 1557 14 F.3d 583 28 F.3d 1146, 1149-1150 32 F.3d 1535 38 F.3d 1559, 1563 85 F.3d 1480, 1485 102 F.3d 1179, 1182 106 F.3d 582, 594 117 F.3d 1318, 1320 132 F.3d 1359, 1366-1367 139 F.3d 1381, 1383-1384 141 F.3d 1417, 1420 157 F.3d 1271, 1281-1282 161 F.3d 1290, 1294-1297 56 F. Supp. 2d 1370