Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 365 U.S. 167, 187 367 U.S. 643, 681 392 U.S. 1, 8-88 435 U.S. 247, 255-259 436 U.S. 128, 138 441 U.S. 520, 559 448 U.S. 438, 100-440 457 U.S. 800, 818 471 U.S. 1, 8-11 472 U.S. 511, 530 475 U.S. 335, 344-345 477 U.S. 299, 305-306 483 U.S. 635, 639-646 490 U.S. 1, 7 490 U.S. 386 522 U.S. 966 Circuit Courts 702 F.2d 984, 987 768 F.2d 1235, 1236 783 F.2d 1002, 1007 786 F.2d 1533, 1536 799 F.2d 704, 707 810 F.2d 1055, 1059 814 F.2d 600, 603 874 F.2d 766, 771 882 F.2d 553 904 F.2d 572, 579 908 F.2d 1499, 1503 922 F.2d 684 939 F.2d 1479 967 F.2d 1495, 1498 986 F.2d 1364, 1369 7 F.3d 1552, 1557-1559 28 F.3d 1146, 1149 51 F.3d 988, 996 59 F.3d 1203, 1206 61 F.3d 1537 65 F.3d 155, 157-159 74 F.3d 1027, 1033 74 F.3d 1087, 1090-1091 85 F.3d 1480, 1487-1492 112 F.3d 1127, 1132 115 F.3d 821, 823 121 F.3d 1442, 1446 127 F.3d 1416, 1418-1419 128 F.3d 810, 822 132 F.3d 1395 134 F.3d 1066, 1069-1071 142 F.3d 1402, 1407 145 F.3d 1231 169 F.3d 1353, 1361-1363 174 F.3d 1271, 1280-1282 187 F.3d 1339, 1351 193 F.3d 1316, 1320