Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 1681 15 U.S.C. § 1681(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 Code of Federal Regulations 49 C.F.R. § 391.23 Supreme Court 460 U.S. 1, 12 467 U.S. 837, 842-844 529 U.S. 576, 587 Circuit Courts 573 F.2d 1109, 1111 678 F.2d 1047, 1049 975 F.2d 1093, 1096 979 F.2d 1434, 1441 45 F.3d 1329, 1334 50 F.3d 1511, 1518 151 F.3d 1275, 1279-1280 155 F.3d 1230, 1246 276 F.3d 1210, 1216-1225 315 F.3d 1271, 1278 456 F.3d 1183, 1187 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(b)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(a)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 401