Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 449 U.S. 411, 417-418 472 U.S. 511, 530 475 U.S. 335, 341 490 U.S. 386, 394-396 496 U.S. 444, 450-455 515 U.S. 304, 312-313 533 U.S. 194, 201 534 U.S. 266, 273 536 U.S. 730, 741 Circuit Courts 907 F.2d 129, 132 960 F.2d 1493, 1498 9 F.3d 1433, 1436 17 F.3d 552, 557 39 F.3d 1096, 1099 57 F.3d 924, 930 60 F.3d 695, 700 76 F.3d 1127, 1136 80 F.3d 421, 424 118 F.3d 1416, 1423-1424 142 F.3d 1217, 1221 161 F.3d 44, 52 183 F.3d 753, 756 227 F.3d 1244, 1255 252 F.3d 1124, 1128 268 F.3d 1179, 1195 279 F.3d 10, 14 309 F.3d 1041, 1043-1044 324 F.3d 1003, 1008 370 F.3d 1028, 1030 401 F.3d 1151, 1168 411 F.3d 1003, 1004 417 F.3d 565, 575 427 F.3d 745, 751 437 F.3d 964, 970 458 F.3d 1251, 1259 478 F.3d 1108, 1112-1129 490 F.3d 810, 815 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 309 F. Supp. 2d 117, 126 517 F. Supp. 2d 586, 589 894 F. Supp. 310, 314-318 932 F. Supp. 1359, 1366