Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 263 U.S. 413 428 U.S. 106, 120-121 460 U.S. 462 544 U.S. 280, 284 Circuit Courts 928 F.2d 966, 970 941 F.2d 1015, 1018 960 F.2d 1493, 1495 994 F.2d 716, 721 222 F.3d 861, 867 333 F.3d 1199, 1204 410 F.3d 17, 24 425 F.3d 836, 840 428 F.3d 916, 918-919 446 F.3d 1027 451 F.3d 639, 642 481 F.3d 1279, 1283 483 F.3d 1070, 1076 500 F.3d 1214, 1218 509 F.3d 1304, 1310 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1)