Authorities Cited: United States Code 23 U.S.C. § 130 28 U.S.C. § 1291 49 U.S.C. § 20101 49 U.S.C. § 20106 49 U.S.C. § 20106(b) 49 U.S.C. § 20106(b)(A) Code of Federal Regulations 23 C.F.R. § 646.204 23 C.F.R. § 646.214(b)(3) 49 C.F.R. § 215.11 49 C.F.R. § 215.11(b) 49 C.F.R. § 217.2 Supreme Court 474 U.S. 494, 501 476 U.S. 355, 369 507 U.S. 658, 664-671 529 U.S. 344, 350-359 Circuit Courts 969 F.2d 919, 922 87 F.3d 1188, 1192 112 F.3d 1398, 1407 160 F.3d 1291, 1297 181 F.3d 920, 923 253 F.3d 538, 539 294 F.3d 1232, 1242 354 F.3d 739, 748 373 F.3d 896, 900-901 374 F.3d 253, 259 391 F.3d 1114, 1126 396 F.3d 632, 645-646 397 F.3d 840, 862 426 F.3d 1281, 1289 433 F.3d 1328, 1335 454 F.3d 1087, 1094 465 F.3d 1133, 1144 470 F.3d 985, 988 488 F.3d 1298, 1302 505 F.3d 1013, 1032 508 F.3d 1321, 1324 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(b) 417 F. Supp. 2d 1104, 1106-1120 507 F. Supp. 2d 1006, 1008-1012 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 401 Fed. R. Evid. 403