Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(ii) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(4) 18 U.S.C. § 1513(b)(2) 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a)(1) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 Supreme Court 328 U.S. 640 476 U.S. 16, 17-18 508 U.S. 223, 233 516 U.S. 137, 148 536 U.S. 545, 551-568 Circuit Courts 531 F.2d 442, 444 953 F.2d 406, 409 971 F.2d 626, 632 986 F.2d 378, 379 9 F.3d 1334, 1337 32 F.3d 40, 45 41 F.3d 580, 582 75 F.3d 40, 45 110 F.3d 1425, 1430 130 F.3d 1399, 1406 138 F.3d 947, 949-950 172 F.3d 1196, 1217 226 F.3d 593, 597 229 F.3d 1296, 1303 231 F.3d 1257, 1262 273 F.3d 46, 52 285 F.3d 916, 933 295 F.3d 1158, 1170 310 F.3d 664, 669 337 F.3d 1203, 1207 354 F.3d 1202, 1205-1206 363 F.3d 1077, 1084 370 F.3d 689, 691 375 F.3d 1041, 1049 389 F.3d 582, 591 408 F.3d 647, 657 414 F.3d 1287, 1295 416 F.3d 965, 968-969 421 F.3d 1119, 1125 425 F.3d 634, 636-637 448 F.3d 1206, 1213 451 F.3d 721, 725-726 454 F.3d 459, 465 472 F.3d 1247, 1265 473 F.3d 1289, 1292 474 F.3d 757, 769 477 F.3d 1189, 1194 478 F.3d 1204, 1208 479 F.3d 455, 461 481 F.3d 1260, 1262 483 F.3d 703, 706 494 F.3d 644, 649 518 F.3d 740, 752