Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 454 U.S. 312, 325 471 U.S. 261, 269 Circuit Courts 17 F.3d 1276, 1277 312 F.3d 1196, 1199 362 F.3d 692, 696 425 F.3d 836, 840 466 F.3d 1171, 1174 511 F.3d 1109, 1113 511 F.3d 1114, 1118 516 F.3d 912, 916 519 F.3d 1078, 1082 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c)(1)(C) Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(e) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)