Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 355 U.S. 41, 45 489 U.S. 189 504 U.S. 158, 166 526 U.S. 286, 290 533 U.S. 194, 201-202 Circuit Courts 22 F.3d 991, 995 84 F.3d 1226, 1236 159 F.3d 1253, 1262-1264 173 F.3d 1226, 1236 242 F.3d 905, 919-922 299 F.3d 1173, 1183 309 F.3d 1216, 1221 341 F.3d 1197, 1199 393 F.3d 1186, 1190-1191 469 F.3d 910, 913 493 F.3d 1174, 1177 472 F. Supp. 2d 1304, 1314-1315