Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 439 U.S. 128, 143 440 U.S. 648, 653 517 U.S. 806, 810 Circuit Courts 748 F.2d 1371, 1374 875 F.2d 268, 270 918 F.2d 885, 887 922 F.2d 584, 587 946 F.2d 1497, 1499 965 F.2d 906, 910 983 F.2d 968, 972-973 7 F.3d 1149, 1154 44 F.3d 860, 871 70 F.3d 1158, 1162 79 F.3d 973, 978 133 F.3d 933 210 F.3d 1128, 1131 242 F.3d 928 269 F.3d 1128, 1131 358 F.3d 1257, 1261-1263 383 F.3d 1215, 1220 411 F.3d 1173, 1181 472 F.3d 767, 775 510 F.3d 1225, 1234 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) 4 F. Supp. 2d 1007, 1011-1012