Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 80 U.S. 335, 351-352 401 U.S. 37 408 U.S. 564, 577 424 U.S. 409, 431 435 U.S. 349, 357 461 U.S. 238, 250 484 U.S. 219, 227 500 U.S. 478, 495 502 U.S. 9 508 U.S. 429, 432 509 U.S. 259, 273 522 U.S. 118, 126 Circuit Courts 644 F.2d 852, 856 700 F.2d 1291, 1298 878 F.2d 1285, 1287 920 F.2d 673, 686 950 F.2d 1471, 1476 144 F.3d 664, 679 222 F.3d 861 357 F.3d 1135, 1138 491 F.3d 1165, 1169 511 F.3d 1072, 1078-1081 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 272 F. Supp. 2d 1260, 1274 304 F. Supp. 2d 1274, 1276