Authorities Cited: United States Code 4 U.S.C. § 4 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 312 U.S. 552, 556 367 U.S. 488, 495-496 422 U.S. 490, 504-518 426 U.S. 26, 41-45 428 U.S. 106, 120 454 U.S. 464, 487 463 U.S. 783, 784-792 468 U.S. 737, 751-753 493 U.S. 215, 231 497 U.S. 62, 77-78 504 U.S. 555, 560-561 505 U.S. 577, 594-595 530 U.S. 290, 311-312 545 U.S. 677 Circuit Courts 675 F.2d 228, 231 918 F.2d 1482, 1483 967 F.2d 410, 415 110 F.3d 724, 727 321 F.3d 939, 943 375 F.3d 1054, 1062 416 F.3d 1149, 1156-1159 416 F.3d 1216, 1223 465 F.3d 433, 437 482 F.3d 1244, 1253 494 F.3d 494, 497 500 F.3d 1127, 1132 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)