Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 510 U.S. 266, 273 523 U.S. 833, 846-847 Circuit Courts 312 F.3d 1304, 1312 328 F.3d 1230, 1240-1248 336 F.3d 1194, 1203 410 F.3d 1221, 1225 469 F.3d 910, 913 494 F.3d 904, 919-921 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)