Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 Supreme Court 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 537 U.S. 79 Circuit Courts 111 F.3d 1495, 1503-1504 130 F.3d 1381, 1384 261 F.3d 956, 961 352 F.3d 1333, 1337-1338 425 F.3d 1249, 1253-1254 490 F.3d 143, 157 493 F.3d 1210, 1215 502 F.3d 1200, 1206 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 2 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 201