Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 2201 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 339 U.S. 667, 671-674 398 U.S. 144, 152 434 U.S. 412, 421 457 U.S. 922, 937-941 457 U.S. 991, 1004-1005 478 U.S. 804, 809 523 U.S. 83, 89 534 U.S. 61, 68 Circuit Courts 723 F.2d 1034, 1037 864 F.2d 1376, 1381 45 F.3d 530, 534 79 F.3d 1228, 1230 163 F.3d 7, 13 254 F.3d 317, 322 377 F.3d 64, 75 412 F.3d 1, 4-5 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) 874 F. Supp. 508, 517

Blogged: Appellate Law & Practice CA1: 1983 state action failures are not a matter of subject matter jurisdiction